Ingxenye ebalulekile e electronics umkhakha libizwa ephrintiwe wesifunda ibhodi (PCB). Lena ingxenye eyisisekelo kakhulu eyenza kube nzima kubantu abaningi ukuchaza ukuthi PCB kuyinto. Lesi sihloko izochaza isakhiwo se-PCB ne-eminye imigomo evame ukusetshenziswa emkhakheni PCB.

Emakhasini ambalwa alandelayo, sizoxoxa indlela yokwakheka PCB, kuhlanganise nezilimi ezithile amagama emfushane inhlangano indlela, futhi isingeniso PCB Inqubo ye-design.

Yini i-PCB?

wesifunda Okuprintiwe ibhodi (PCB) ingenye amagama ezivamile, futhi ingafakwa ngokuthi "ephrintiwe wiring amabhodi" noma "ephrintiwe wiring amakhadi". Ngaphambi PCB wabonakala, isifunda yakhiwa iphuzu-to-phuzu wiring. Ukuthembeka le ndlela sincane kakhulu, ngoba njengoba ubudala wesifunda, le zokugwema ukuphuka komugqa kungabangela wesifunda evulekile noma esifushane engeyokuqala umugqa.

Han ubuchwepheshe kuyinto intuthuko enkulu kubuchwepheshe wesifunda sithuthukisa ukuqina kanye replaceability komugqa ngu emazombezombe izintambo ezincane ubukhulu emhlabeni okuthunyelwe e-ngokuhlanganyela.

Njengoba electronics umkhakha lihamba lisuka cleaner amashubhu futhi udlulisela ukuba Silicon Semiconductors nelezifunda ehlangene, ubukhulu kanye intengo zikagesi nazo kuncipha. imikhiqizo Electronic abonakala ezingasho njalo emkhakheni umthengi, esibatshela abakhiqizi ukubheka ezincane nokuningi izixazululo engabizi. Ngakho, i-PCB wazalwa.

Ukwakheka

I PCB ifana ikhekhe multi-egqinsiwe noma lasagna - ungqimba ngezinto ezahlukene ekukhiqizeni, sicindezelwe ndawonye ukushisa kanye anamathelayo.

I-FR4

Substrate we PCB ngokuvamile ingilazi fibre. Ezimweni eziningi, substrate fiberglass we PCB ibizwa ngokuthi "FR4". Indaba okuqinile "FR4" unika nobulukhuni kanye ukushuba we PCB. Ngaphezu FR4 substrate, kukhona wesifunda amabhodi nezimo inyatheliswe nezimo ephezulu lokushisa Plastics (polyimide noma efana) nokunye okunjalo.

Ungase uthole PCB eqine ezahlukene; Nokho, ukushuba imikhiqizo SparkFun sika ikakhulukazi 1.6mm (0.063 "). Eminye imikhiqizo futhi usebenzise nezinye ugqinsi, ezifana LilyPad futhi Arudino Pro amabhodi Micro nge ukushuba 0.8mm.

PCB eshibhile futhi imbobo zingqimba esakhiwe ngezinto ezifana epoxy noma phenol, okuyinto siziswele UKUQINA FR4, kodwa ishibhile. Lapho nokunamathisela ngomthofu izinto amabhodi enjalo, ngeke ube unuka eziningi iphunga. Lolu hlobo lwe-substrate ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa kakhulu ephansi ekupheleni imikhiqizo umthengi. izinto phenolic abe ongaphakeme ezishisayo noqhekeko lokushisa, kanye Welding isikhathi eside kubangela noqhekeko kanye carbonization, futhi ikhiqiza i ukunambitheka edabukisayo.

Okulandelayo kuyinto mncane kakhulu zethusi ucwecwe ungqimba ukuthi icindezelwa ku substrate ukushisa kanye ingcina ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa. On ibhodi kabili emaceleni, ucwecwe zethusi icindezelwa emaceleni nangemuva of substrate. Kwezinye izinhlelo zamanani aphansi, ithusi ucwecwe kungenzeka kuphela agxishwe ngakolunye uhlangothi lwale substrate. Lapho sikhuluma "ngokuphuma kabili iphaneli" noma "ezimbili-ungqimba ibhodi", kusho ukuthi kukhona ezimbili zamatshe zethusi ucwecwe ku lasagna yethu. Yiqiniso, e ezahlukene PCB imiklamo, inani zethusi ucwecwe izingqimba ingaba ncane njengenye ungqimba noma ezingaphezu kwezingu-16 izingqimba.

I ukushuba we ungqimba nethusi elikhulu futhi ulinganiswa isisindo. Kuvamise esashiwo isisindo iyunifomu elilodwa ngezinyawo square zethusi (oz). PCB Iningi ukujiya ngethusi 1 oz, kodwa ezinye PCB ephezulu amandla zingasebenzisa 2 oz noma 3 oz wethusi. Guqula ama-awunsi (oz) ngayinye unyawo square, okuyinto mayelana 35um noma ithusi 1.4mil.

Soldermask

Ngenhla ungqimba zethusi buso solder. Lesi sendlalelo kwenza oluhlaza PCB ukubukeka (noma obomvu SparkFun sika). The Mask solder ihlanganisa iminonjana phezu ungqimba zethusi ukuvimbela iminonjana phezu PCB ukuza mbeni nezinye izinsimbi, solder noma ezinye izinto conductive. Ukuba khona buso solder ikuvumela solder endaweni efanele futhi kuvimbele solder amabhuloho.

Silkscreen

Ngenhla imaskhi solder, kukhona ezimhlophe kasilika screen ungqimba. Izinhlamvu, izinombolo, kanye nezimpawu kunyatheliswa phezu silkscreen we PCB lula inhlangano ukukuqondisa ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi umklamo ebhodini. Sivame ukusebenzisa uphawu silkscreen ukuze ukhombise umsebenzi izikhonkwane ezithile noma LED.

Umbala ezivamile ungqimba kasilika screen emhlophe. Ngokufanayo, ungqimba kasilika screen ingenziwa ibe cishe yimuphi umbala. Black, grey, obomvu ngisho ophuzi usilika izikrini akukhona okungavamile ukuba likhithike. Nokho, akuvamile ukubona ezihlukahlukene umbala silkscreen ebhodini olulodwa.

Ngokuvamile, solder buso kuluhlaza, kodwa cishe yonke imibala ingasetshenziswa solder ukumaska.

Kwamagama

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi isakhiwo se-PCB, ake sibheke amagama ahlobene PCB.

Hole indandatho - A ring sethusi umgodi metallized ku PCB.

DRC - Design umthetho eliphakeme. Uhlelo ukuthi uhlola uma umklamo iqukethe amaphutha, ezifana iminonjana shorted, iminonjana kakhulu mncane, noma izimbobo ezincane kakhulu.

Gubha Hole Hit - Used ukhombise ukuphambuka we edingekayo imishini isikhundla kanye langempela imishini isikhundla ekuklanyweni. imishini izikhungo engalungile kubangelwa blunt sokuprakthiza ibhithi ziyinkinga ezivamile PCB yokukhiqiza.

(Igolide) Umunwe - A angenalutho pad metal ohlangothini ibhodi ukuthi ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa ukuxhumanisa Amapulangwe amabili. Ezifana emaphethelweni ukunwetshwa module sekhompyutha,-memory stick futhi umdlalo ikhadi elidala.

Isitembu Holes - Ngaphezu V-Sika, kukhona indlela ehlukile ebhodi design. Ngokwakha ilunga ababuthakathaka phakathi ezinye izimbobo okuqhubekayo, kulula ukwehlukanisa ibhodi kusukela ukunqunywa.

Pad - Ingxenye metal obuchaywe kobuso PCB ukuthi isetshenziswa solder idivayisi.

Jigsaw - Ibhodi elikhulu yakhiwa encane, amabhodi ezinkulu. Okuzenzakalelayo wesifunda ibhodi imishini ukukhiqizwa ngokuvamile has izinkinga uma ikhiqizi amabhodi ezincane, bese kuhlanganiswa inchumbi amabhodi ezincane eziningana ungasheshisa ukukhiqizwa.

Stencil - A mncane formwork metal (iyatholakala njengoba plastic) ukuthi ibekwe phezu PCB ukuvumela solder ukuba adabule ezindaweni ezithile phakathi kwenhlangano.

Khetha bese indawo - Umshini noma ngenqubo ubeka izingxenye ebhodini.

Plane - Ucezu okuqhubekayo sethusi ebhodini. Kuvamise kuchazwe imingcele, hhayi izindlela. Yaziwa nangokuthi "Ithusi yethusi"

Metalized nge - Umgodi PCB equkethe indandatho imbobo kanye Plated imbobo odongeni. I metallized nge kungenzeka iphuzu uxhumano-plug-in, ungqimba isibonakaliso, noma umgodi obandayo.

I kuhlinzwa imbobo izindonga ukuvumela izintambo nhlangothi zombili we PCB ukuba ihlanganiswe.

nokunamathisela ngomthofu ukugelelza - iqhwa elisenyameni the solder ukuze pads (SMD) nedivayisi izikhonkwane axhunyiwe ndawonye.

Silkscreen - izinhlamvu, izinombolo, izimpawu, noma imifanekiso kwi PCB. Empeleni kukhona umbala owodwa kuphela ebhodini ngalinye kanye isixazululo iphansana.

Slotting - libhekisela iyiphi imbobo phezu PCB ukuthi akuyona isiyingi. Slotting kungenziwa electroplated noma cha. Njengoba slotting idinga ukwengeza ahlabayo sikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi kwandisa izindleko ebhodini.

Solder Namathisela Layer - Isendlalelo solder unama eqinile kwakheka kwi pads we ebusweni ukukhweza kudivayisi ngokusebenzisa stencil ngaphambi kokufaka yezingxenye phezu PCB. Phakathi nenqubo ukugelelza, unama solder liyancibilika, aqinise okuthembekile uxhumano kagesi kanye lokukhanda phakathi pad izikhonkwane kudivayisi.

Nokunamathisela ngomthofu lembuthuma - A somlilo ifaka nokunamathisela ngomthofu. Ngokuvamile, kukhona okuncane solder oncibilikisiwe ngaphakathi, futhi ibhodi ngokushesha badabula, ukuze izikhonkwane wadalula kungenziwa soldered.

Solder imaski - Ukuvimbela izifunda okufutshane, ukugqwala, kanye nezinye izinkinga, ithusi embozwe ifilimu zokuzivikela. Le filimu zokuzivikela ngokuvamile oluhlaza noma kungaba eminye imibala (SparkFun Red, Arduino Blue, noma i-Apple Black). Ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuye ngokuthi "ukumelana nokunamathisela ngomthofu."

Lianxi - I amaphini amabili exhunyiwe edivayisini ngokungalungile zixhunywe lehle kancane solder.

Surface obandayo - A indlela inhlangano lapho idivayisi nje kumele ibekwe ebhodini ngaphandle isidingo umzila izikhonkwane kudivayisi ngokusebenzisa i-VIAS ebhodini.

pad Thermal - libhekisela nokuncane esifushane pad uxhumano indiza. Uma pad asakhelwanga kahle ukushabalalisa ukushisa, kunzima ukufudumeza pad a nokunamathisela ngomthofu lokushisa esanele phakathi nokunamathisela ngomthofu. Okungafanele ezishisayo pad design uyokwenza pad okunamathelayo kakhudlwana futhi ukugelelza nokunamathisela ngomthofu isikhathi kuqhathaniswa eside.

Landzelela - A indlela ngokuvamile okuqhubekayo zethusi ebhodini.

V-score - An cut akuphelele ebhodini ephula ibhodi ngokusebenzisa kulo mugqa.

Via - Umgodi ibhodi ukuthi ngokuvamile kushintsha amasignali komunye ungqimba kwenye. Umgodi ipulaki libhekisela abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-imbobo ukumboza imaski solder ukukuvimbela ekubeni soldered. Isixhumi noma idivayisi pin nge, ngoba wokufaka akuyona imfuneko ngoba nje nokunamathisela ngomthofu liyadingeka.

Wave nokunamathisela ngomthofu - indlela nokunamathisela ngomthofu amadivayisi-plug-in. Ibhodi sidlulile ngesivinini njalo ngokusebenzisa oncibilikisiwe solder esithandweni olukhiqiza isiqongo izinzile kanti iziqongo solder solder izikhonkwane idivayisi iphinde pads wadalula ndawonye.

YMS kuyinto High-Tech PCB ibhodi angenalutho inkonzo ibhizinisi emhlabeni wonke. Ngemizamo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10, YMS iye yaba tech High ibhizinisi.

Nge isikhungo endaweni ezingaphezu kuka 10,000 square metres, ikwazi ukukhiqiza 300,000 square metres ngonyaka, ogama PCB imikhiqizo isukela 2 kuya ku-20 izingqimba, kuhlanganise 1Layer PCB , 2Layer PCB, Mutilayer PCB njll

Siyakwamukela ithuba okusheshayo PCB China.