A elingundoqo kwishishini elektroniki le kuthiwa ibhodi zeesekethe eziprintiweyo (PCB). Eli licandelo esisiseko kakhulu eyenza kube nzima ukuba abantu abaninzi ukucacisa into PCB na. Eli nqaku liza kuchaza ngokweenkcukacha isakhiwo PCB kwaye ngamanye amagama ezisetyenziswa kwicandelo PCB.

Kumaphepha embalwa ezayo, siza kuxubusha ukwakhiwa PCB, kuquka isigama ethile, indlela indibano emfutshane, kunye Intshayelelo kwinkqubo yoyilo PCB.

Yintoni a PCB?

ibhodi zeesekethe ezishicilelweyo (PCB) yenye amagama kwemininzi eqhelekileyo, kwaye nazo ngokuba "eziprintiweyo iibhodi kweentambo" okanye "eshicilelweyo amakhadi kweentambo". Phambi kokuba PCB yabonakala, isiphaluka yayiyilwe point-to-point kweentambo. Ukuthembeka le ndlela iphantsi kakhulu, ngokuba yobudala zeesekethe, lo breakage selayini kunokubangela kwisekethe okanye elifutshane esiludumbo emgceni.

Oyinkampani iteknoloji yeyona phambili kwezobuchwepheshe wesiphaluka eza kuphucula iyahlala replaceability kumgca ngokubhijela iingcingo omncinci ngeenxa zonke izithuba kwi entlanganweni.

Njengoko lihamba kushishino elektroniki ezivela iityhubhu emoyeni ze achaze ukuba semiconductors lesilicon kunye neziphaluka ezihlangeneyo, ubukhulu kunye nexabiso components zekhompyutha nazo yokwehla. Iimveliso ze-elektronikhi abonakala ngakumbi yaye ngokufuthi ngakumbi kwicandelo le nkonzo, loo nto yabangela ukuba abavelisi ukukhangela izisombululo ezincinane kakhulu iindleko-olusebenzayo. Ngoko ke, lo PCB kwazalwa.

Ukudalwa

Le PCB ikhangeleka ngathi ikeyiki multi-sixhobo sekhombuya okanye lasagna - umaleko izinto ezahlukeneyo imveliso, ohlohliweyo kunye lilanga ngcina.

FR4

Le zeendawana le PCB jikelele iglasi ifayibha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zeendawana fiberglass of a PCB ibizwa ngokuba "FR4". Izinto eziqinileyo "FR4" unika yobulukhuni kunye Ebubanzini PCB. Ukongeza FR4 zeendawana, kukho iibhodi beesekethe bhetyebhetye eveliswa kwi bhetyebhetye iiplastiki-lobushushu eliphezulu (polyimide okanye ezifana) kunye like.

Ungafumana PCBs of nende ezahlukeneyo; Noko ke, Ebubanzini iimveliso SparkFun kaThixo becala 1.6mm (0.063 "). Ezinye iimveliso kwakhona usebenzise ezinye nende, ezifana LilyPad kunye Arudino iibhodi Pro Micro kunye zenza 0.8mm.

PCBs cheap neepleyiti umngxuma ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana epoxy okanye phenol, leyo abanalo phakade FR4, kodwa abiza kakhulu. Xa ngelotha izinto kwiibhodi ezinjalo, uya ivumba okuninzi, ivumba. Olu hlobo zeendawana isoloko isetyenziswa kakhulu ekupheleni esezantsi iimveliso yabathengi. izinto izakhi abe kubushushu obuphantsi ibole thermal, kwaye ixesha iwelding elide ibangela ukucazululwa carbonization, yaye ekhupha i incasa elibi.

Le ilandelayo ke mncane kakhulu ngefoyile ye lobhedu layer ukuba licinezelwe kulo zeendawana lilanga ngcina ngexesha nemveliso. Ebhodini kabini-kabini, le mifanekiso ubhedu licinezelwe emacaleni ngaphambili kunye umva zeendawana. Kwezinye izicelo zexabiso eliphantsi, ngefoyile ye yobhedu kuphela Siyabandezelwa kwelinye icala zeendawana. Xa sithetha 'kabini-panel "okanye" ibhodi layer-mbini ", oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ngeengcamba ezimbini ngefoyile ye sobhedu lasagna yethu. Kakade ke, kwezoyilo PCB ezahlukeneyo, inani zobhedu layers ngefoyile ye zingaba encinanana umaleko enye okanye maleko ngaphezulu kwama-16.

Ububanzi umaleko sobhedu mkhulu kakhulu kwaye ulinganiswa ubunzima. Oku ngokubanzi oluvakaliswe ubunzima uniform wonyawo isikwere esinye sobhedu (oz). Uninzi PCBs babe ubukhulu yobhedu 1 oz, kodwa ezinye PCBs aphezulu-Amandla ukusebenzisa oz-2 okanye 3 oz zezobhedu. Guqula iigram (oz) unyawo square nganye, nto leyo malunga 35um okanye 1.4mil ubhedu.

Soldermask

Ngaphezu esibekwa ubhedu imaski solder. Lo maleko kwenza PCB jonga oluhlaza (okanye obomvu SparkFun ngayo). Isigqumathelo solder Azigubungele imizila kwi umaleko ubhedu ukuthintela khondo kwi PCB ukuza ukudibana nabanye ngesinyithi, solder okanye ezinye izinto conductive. Ubukho isigqumathelo solder ikuvumela ukuba solder endaweni eyiyo kunye nokuthintela kwo solder.

Silkscreen

Ngaphezu imaski solder, kukho esimhlophe isilika screen umaleko. Iileta, amanani, kunye iisimboli ziprintwe kwi silkscreen le PCB ukuququzelela indibano nokukhokela ukuba uqonde ngcono kuyilo ebhodini. Sidla ukusebenzisa isimboli silkscreen ukubonisa umsebenzi izikhonkwane ezithile okanye LED.

Umbala oqhelekileyo umaleko isilika iskrini emhlophe. Ngokufanayo, umaleko isilika screen na kwenziwa phantse nawuphi na umbala. Black, zingwevu, ebomvu kwaye yellow screens isilika ivamile. Noko ke, kunqabile ukubona iindidi silkscreen umbala kwibhodi enye.

Ngokubanzi, iimaski solder kuluhlaza, kodwa phantse yonke imibala ingasetyenziselwa solder iteyiphu yephepha.

amagama

Ngoku uyazi isakhiwo PCB, makhe sihlolisise isigama enxulumene-PCB.

ring Hole - A umsesane sobhedu umngxuma metallized kwi PCB.

DRC - disk Design umthetho. A inkqubo ekhangela ukuba uyilo iqulathe iimpazamo, ezifana imizila shorted, imizila zibhityile kakhulu, okanye imingxunya ezincinane kakhulu.

Ambe Hole Hit - Isetyenziswa ukubonisa nokuphambukiswa kunokwembiwa indawo efunekayo kwaye kunokwembiwa nendawo eyiyo kuyilo. Amaziko kuzawuqheliswa elingalunganga okubangelwa ngokumba amasuntswana blunt yingxaki kuxhaphakile PCB mveliso.

(Gold) Finger - A ebalelelwe lilanga metal iphedi kwicala lebhodi ukuba ezisetyenziswa ukudibanisa iibhodi ezimbini. Ezifana ngohlangothi imodyuli ukwanda yekhompyutha, i-memory stick kunye khadi umdlalo endala.

Imigodi Isitampu - Ukongezelela V-Sika, kukho indlela yokuba design yebhodi. Ngokwakha joint buthathaka phakathi kwezinye mingxuma ngokuqhubekayo, kulula ukwahlukanisa ibhodi ukusuka nokubekwa.

Pad - Inxalenye intsimbi ubuze phezu komhlaba PCB esetyenziselwa solder ifowuni.

Sexy - A ibhodi enkulu eyenziwe amancinci, iibhodi ezinkulu. izixhobo ngokwayo imveliso ibhodi yesekethe idla ngokuba neengxaki xa ukuvelisa iibhodi ezincinane, kuhlanganiswa iibhodi eziliqela oluncinane kukukhawulezisa imveliso.

Istensile - A formwork zesinyithi ezicekethekileyo (iyafumaneka njengeplastiki) ukuba ibekwe phezu PCB ukuvumela solder ukuba ugqithe kwiindawo ezithile ngexesha ibandla.

Pick-and-ndawo - A umatshini okanye inkqubo ebeka izakhi ebhodini.

Plane - A iqhekeza oluqhubekayo ngobhedu ebhodini. Isikakhulu luchazwe ngokwemida, kungekhona emendweni. Eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Copper Copper"

Metalized nge - A umngxuma PCB equlathe lo msesane umngxuma kunye nodonga umngxuma Black. Le metallized nge isenokuba indawo sokudityaniswa plug-in, umaleko yomqondiso, okanye umngxuma obandayo.

Iindonga umngxuma ngumfanekiswana kuvumela iingcingo kumacala omabini PCB ukuba ixakathwe ke.

ngelotha Reflow - Sukugcina i solder ukuze kwamagqabi (SMD) nezikhonkwane isixhobo ezidityaniswe kunye.

Silkscreen - oonobumba, amanani, iisimboli, okanye okuzotyiweyo kwi PCB. Isiqalelo kukho mnye kuphela umbala kwibhodi nganye kwaye sigqibo liphantsi kakhulu.

Slotting - kuthetha nawuphi na umngxuma kwi PCB oko setyhula. Slotting nga electroplated okanye hayi. Ekubeni slotting kufuna ixesha ukusika ezongezelelweyo, ngamanye amaxesha kwandisa iindleko ebhodini.

Solder Cola Layer - A inwebu solder intlama eqinile kwakheka phezu kwamagqabi bomhlaba intaba ifowuni ngokusebenzisa istensile phambi kokufaka amacandelo kwi PCB. Ngexesha lenkqubo reflow, i Cola solder linyibilike kwaye useka uqhagamshelwano lombane kunye zomatshini ethembekileyo phakathi pad nezikhonkwane idivayisi.

Ngelotha Iziko lesinyithi - A somlilo ifaka ngelotha. Ngokubanzi, kukho imali encinci solder otyhidiweyo ngaphakathi, kwaye ibhodi ngokukhawuleza badlula, kangangokuba nezikhonkwane nezivele ngaphandle zinokwenza ukuba soldered.

Solder Vuvu - Ukuthintela iisekethe ezimfutshane, umhlwa, kunye nezinye iingxaki, ubhedu wambu olukhuselayo umboniso. I protective ifilimu idla oluhlaza okanye inokuba eminye imibala (SparkFun Red, Arduino Blue, okanye Apple Black). Ukubizwa ngokuba "ukuxhathisa ngelotha."

Lianxi - izikhonkwane ezimbini ye kwisixhobo oxhulumene ngokungachanekanga yi ukuhla encinane solder.

Umphezulu eqhubekayo - A indlela indibano apho esi sixhobo sifuna nje kufakwa ebhodini ngaphandle kwesidingo ndlela izikhonkwane isixhobo ngokusebenzisa vias ebhodini.

pad thermal - libhekisa kwi, azafunyanelwa ndawo elifutshane zo xhulumaniso iphedi ukuya moya. Ukuba pad ayenzelwanga ngokufanelekileyo ngenxa yokuchithwa ubushushu, kunzima ukuba shushu yokukhuhla ukuya kwiqondo eyaneleyo ngelotha ngexesha ngelotha. Engafanelekanga thermal uyilo pad uya kwenza pad encamathelayo ngakumbi kunye nexesha reflow ngelotha inde kakhulu.

Treyisa - A kuyindlela eqhubekayo ngokubanzi ngobhedu ebhodini.

V-score - An cut engaphelelanga lebhodi ukuba waphula ibhodi ngokusebenzisa le layini.

Via - A umngxuma ibhodi ukuba uqobo elisetyenziswa ukuswitsha imiyalezo evela umaleko omnye komnye. Lo mngxuma plug ibhekisa over-umngxuma ukuyigubungela solder yesigungxo ukuzikhusela ukuba soldered. Isinxibelelanisi okanye isixhobo pin nge, ngenxa yokuba ama ayifuneki kuba ngelotha iyafuneka.

Wave ngelotha - indlela izixhobo ngelotha Plug-in. Ibhodi sele kudlule ngesantya esingaguqukiyo ngokusebenzisa kwiziko solder etyhidiweyo evelisa incopho oluzinzileyo, kunye neencopho solder solder kunye izikhonkwane isixhobo kunye pads lubekwa.

YMS i High-Tech PCB ibhodi engenanto lweshishini inkonzo ehlabathini lonke. Ngemizamo iminyaka engaphezu kwama-10, YMS iye yaba kwishishini tech High.

Ekubeni indawo yesixhobo engaphezulu kwama-10,000 square metres, ikwazi ukuvelisa ngaphezu 300,000 square metres ngonyaka ngamnye, iimveliso zabo PCB zisukela maleko-2 ukuya ku-20, kuquka 1Layer PCB , 2Layer PCB, Mutilayer PCB njl

Wamkelekile ku ithuba quick pcb China.