Component muhiim ah in industry ee korantada waxaa loo yaqaan guddiga circuit daabacay (PCB). Tani waa qayb aad u aasaasi ah oo ka dhigaysa in ay ku adag tahay dad badan si ay u sharxaan waxa PCB waa. Maqaalkani waxa uu sharixi doonaa si faahfaahsan qaabdhismeedka PCB iyo qaar ka mid ah shuruudaha caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo berrinkii PCB.

In dhawrka bog ee soo socda, waxaan kala hadli doonaa Halabuurka ee PCB ah, oo ay ku jiraan qaar ka mid ah eraybixinta, hab shirka kooban, oo hordhac u ah geedi socodka PCB design ka.

Waa maxay PCB ah?

guddiga circuit daabacay (PCB) waa mid ka mid ah magacyada ugu badan, iyo sidoo kale la odhan karaa waa "loox taararka daabacay" ama "kaararka fiilooyinka daabacan". Ka hor inta PCB u muuqday, circuit waxaa laga sameeyey ilaa of taararka dhibic-to-dhibic. Isku hallaynta ah ee habkan waa mid aad u yar, maxaa yeelay, sida circuit oo da 'ah, dillaacin ee khadka keeni kartaa wareeg furan ama gaaban Guntin khadka.

Fuuli jiray technology waa horumarinta weyn ee technology circuit oo kor u cimri dherer iyo replaceability laynka loogu fuuli jiray oo silig ka dhexroor yar agagaarka posts ee wadajirka ah.

Sida warshadaha korontada ka guuro ka tuubooyinka vacuum iyo Relays in semiconductors Silicon iyo wareeggeedii dhafan, xajmiga iyo qiimaha qaybaha elektarooniga ah ayaa sidoo kale hoos u. waxyaabaha Electronic muuqaalkaas waxaa inta badan badan oo ka qaybta macaamiisha, taasoo keentay in saarayaasha in la raadiyo xal kharash-ool ah oo yar yar oo dheeraad ah. Sidaas daraaddeed, PCB ee ku dhashay.

Curiska

PCB ayaa u eg a cake multi-israac raacsan ama lasagna - lakabka ah ee qalabka kala duwan ee wax soo saarka, oo tuujiyey by kulaylka iyo koolo.

FR4

substrate ee PCB guud ahaan waa fiber galaas. Xaaladaha intooda badan, substrate Maro adag ee PCB ah waxaa guud ahaan loo yaqaan "FR4". Qoraalkani wuxuu ku adag "FR4" siinayaa darantahay ingeega, oo dhumucdiisuna waxay of PCB ah. Waxa intaa dheer in substrate FR4 ah, waxaa jira loox circuit dabacsan saaray bacyaal-heerkulka sare dabacsan (polyimide ama la mid ah) iyo sida.

Waxaad ka heli kartaa PCBs of thicknesses kala duwan; Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhumucda waxyaabaha SparkFun ee inta badan waa 1.6mm (0.063 "). Qaar ka mid ah waxyaabaha kale oo aad isticmaali thicknesses kale, sida LilyPad iyo Arudino loox Micro Pro la dhumucdiisuna waxay a of 0.8mm.

PCBs Cheap iyo ulo godka ka samaysan yihiin qalabka sida epoxy ama phenol, taas oo u baahnaydeen cimri dherer ah ee FR4, laakiin waxay yihiin wax badan ka jaban. Marka kabida, wax ha ku dabaasho looxaan sida, aad ursan doono wax badan oo caraf udgoon. Noocan ah substrate waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in aad u-dhamaadka hooseeyo badeecooyinka. walxaha Phenolic leeyihiin heerkulka hooseeyo kaamerada kala daatay, oo markii ugu alxanka dheer sababa kala daatay iyo carbonization, iyo siinayaa off dhadhan xun.

soo socda waa daaha bireed copper aad u dhuuban oo la tuujiyey substrate ah by kulaylka iyo koolo inta lagu guda jiro soo saarka. On guddiga double-dhinac, bireed copper ah la isku soo riixayo in dhinacyada hore iyo xagga dambe ee substrate ah. In qaar ka mid ah codsiyada kharash yar, bireed copper kaliya lagu tuujiyey laga yaabaa in hal dhinac oo substrate ah. Marka aan tixraac "double-guddi" ama "guddiga laba lakab", waxay ka dhigan tahay in ay jiraan laba lakab oo bireed copper on our lasagna. Dabcan, in naqshado PCB kala duwan, tirada layers bireed copper laga yaabaa in u duqeeyey sida mid ka mid daaha ama in ka badan 16 layers.

dhumucda lakabka copper ka weyn yahay iyo waxa lagu qiyaasaa in miisaanka. Waxa guud ahaan la muujiyay miisaankii uniform of of copper (oz) hal lug square. PCBs badankood waxay leeyihiin oo dhumucdiisuna waxay copper ah 1 oz ah, laakiin qaar ka mid ah PCBs-awood sare isticmaali kartaa 2 oz ama 3 oz oo naxaas ah. ounces Beddelaan (oz) per cagta square, taas oo ku saabsan 35um ama copper 1.4mil.

Soldermask

Kor lakabka copper waa maaskaro Alxan ah. lakabka Taas ayaa ka dhigaysa cagaaran PCB eegtaa (ama SparkFun ee cas). maaskaro Alxan wuxuu daboolayaa raad ku lakabka copper si looga hortago in raad on PCB ka soo taabtaan biraha kale, Alxan ama walxaha kale ee tabinta. Joogitaanka maaskaro Alxan ah kuu ogolaanayaa inaad Alxan meel sax ah oo looga hortago in buundooyinka Alxan.

Silkscreen

Kor maaskaro Alxan ah, waxaa jira lakabka cad a screen Xariir. Waraaqaha, tirooyinka, iyo calaamadaha lagu daabacay silkscreen ee PCB ah si loo fududeeyo isu-tag iyo hanuunin aad si fiican u fahmo design ee guddiga. Waxaan inta badan u isticmaalaan calaamadda silkscreen ah si ay u muujiyaan shaqo ee biinanka ama uu Kokes ku gaar ah.

Midabka ugu badan ee lakabka screen Xariir waa caddaan. Sidoo kale, lakabka screen xariir ah la samayn karaa galay ku dhawaad ​​kasta oo midab. Black, cawl, casaan iyo huruud ah xitaa screens Xariir ma aha wax aan caadi ahayn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa dhif iyo naadir in la arko noocyo kala duwan oo midabka silkscreen on board hal.

Guud ahaan, waji Alxan waa cagaar, laakiin ku dhowaad dhammaan midabada loo isticmaali karaa shareeraysaa Alxan.

Eray bixinta

Hadda oo aad ogtahay qaabka PCB ah, aynu eegno eraybixinta PCB la xiriira ee.

giraanta Hole - Giraanta A copper on god metallized in PCB ah.

DRC - jeegga xukunka Design. Barnaamijka A hubiya haddii design ku jiro khaladaad, sida raadad shorted, raadad aad u khafiif ah, ama godad aad u yar.

Qoditaanka Hit Hole - Waxaa loo adeegsaday si ay u muujiyaan weecasho ee booska qodista loo baahan yahay iyo booska qodista dhabta ah ee design ah. xarumaha qodista sax ahayn sababa gelinno daloolin beesho waa dhibaato guud ee wax soo saarka PCB.

(Gold) faraha - A suufka biraha dhashay dhinaca guddiga in sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo in lagu xiro laba loox. Sida cidhifka module ballaarinta computer ee, ul xasuusta iyo kaarka jir ah ciyaarta.

Boholaha Stamp - Intaa waxaa dheer in V-Goo, waxaa jira hab kale oo design guddiga. By la xirrira si wadajir ah daciif ah oo u dhexeeya qaar ka mid ah godadka si joogto ah, waa ay fududahay in la kala saaro guddiga ka rogida.

Suuf - Qayb ka mid ah biraha bandhigi on dusha sare ee PCB in loo isticmaalaa in lagu Alxan qalabka.

Jigsaw - guddiga badan ka kooban badan oo yar yar, loox galay Robben. qalabka wax soo saarka guddiga circuit iswada inta badan dhibaato marka saara loox yar, iyo isku wadi dhowr loox yar dedejin kartaa wax soo saarka.

EVC - A nijaarnimo bir ah oo dhuuban (oo sidoo kale laga heli karaa sida caag ah) in la dhigayaa on PCB ah in ay u oggolaadaan Alxan inay dhex maraan meelaha qaar inta lagu guda jiro shirka.

Ka-qaadida iyo-meel - Mashiinka A ama nidaamka taas oo ka kooban on board a.

Diyaarad - gabal A joogto ah copper on guddiga. Waxaa guud ahaan waxaa lagu qeexaa by xuduudaha, ma by Waddooyinkiisa. Sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Copper Copper"

Metalized via - dalool A ee PCB ay ku jiraan giraanta godka iyo derbiga oo god plated. metallized The via laga yaabaa in dhibic xiriir ah fur-in a, lakabka of signal ah, ama god ee u.

Derbiyada godka plated ogolaan xarkaha labada dhinac ee PCB laysu soo biiray.

kabida, Reflow - dhalaalin Alxan si gaballada (smd) iyo musmaarradiisa oo qalab soo wada xiran.

Silkscreen - xarfaha, nambarada, astaamaha, ama muuqaallo kale ee PCB ah. Asal ahaan waxa jira midab ka mid ah oo kaliya on loox kasta oo xalka xad waa yar yahay.

Hubsaday - waxaa loola jeedaa dalool kasta oo ku saabsan PCB ah in aan waa wareeg ah. Hubsaday la electroplated kartaa ama ma. Tan iyo hubsaday u baahan yahay waqti goynta dheeraad ah, waxaa mararka qaarkood kor u qaaday qiimaha ee guddiga.

Alxan Lakabka nab - Lakabka A ee Jinka Alxan ah oo dhumucdiisuna waxay gaar ah la sameeyay oo ku saabsan pads ee dusha sare Buur qalab iyada oo Stencil ka hor gelinayn qaybaha ku PCB ah. Inta lagu guda jiro habka reflow ah, Jinka Alxan ah dhalaalayaa iyo abuurayaa la xidhiidha lagu kalsoonaan karo korontada iyo farsamo ee u dhexeeya suuf iyo musaamiirtooda qalabka.

Kabida, foornada - foornada loogu talagalay qobays, kabida. Guud ahaan, waxaa jira qadar yar oo ah Alxan shubay gudaha, iyo guddiga waxaa si deg deg ah dhex maray, si musmaarradii qaawan lagu soldered karo.

Alxan maaskaro - Si looga hortago wareeggeedii gaaban, daxalka, iyo dhibaatooyin kale, copper la daboolay filim ka ilaaliya. Filimku wuxuu ilaaliya inta badan waa cagaar ama waxaa laga yaabaa in midabada kale (SparkFun Red, Arduino Blue, ama Apple Black). Guud ahaan loo yaqaan "kabida iska caabin ah."

Lianxi - Labada musmaarradii xiran qalabka yihiin si qaldan ku xiran by dhibic yar oo ah Alxan.

Dusha sii kordhaya - hab A shirka halkaas oo qalab si fudud loo baahan yahay in lagu rakibaa on board oo aan baahida loo qabo in wadada musmaarradii qalabka iyada oo vias ee sabuuradda.

suufka kaamerada - waxaa loola jeedaa in ay raad gaaban suufka la xidhiidha in diyaarada ka. Haddii suufka si fiican ma loogu talagalay dhereg kulaylka, way adag tahay in lagu kululeeyo suufka si heer kulka ah, kabida ku filan inta lagu jiro, kabida. design suufka kaamerada munaasib ahayn ka dhigi doonaa suufka more dhegdheg iyo waqtiga kabida reflow waa muddo dheer.

Raad - Jidka A guud ahaan joogto ah copper on board a.

V-score - cut An dhamaystirnayn oo guddiga in jebiyo guddiga dhex line this.

Via - dalool A ee guddiga in sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo in ay beddelaan calaamadaha ka mid ah lakabka in kale. godka fur ayaa waxaa loola jeedaa in ay ka gaareen-dalool daboolaya maaskaro Alxan si looga hortago in la soldered ah. Isku xira ama pin qalab via, maxaa yeelay, ma deeruhu ayaa loo baahan yahay, maxaa yeelay, kabida, ayaa loo baahan yahay.

Ruxruxo, kabida - hab ka mid ah qalabka fur-in kabida. Guddiga ayaa waxaa soo maray xawaare joogto ah iyada oo foornada dahab la shubay ah in ay soo saartaa Alxan peak ah oo deggan, iyo danbow Alxan ah Alxan musmaarradii qalabka iyo pads bandhigi wada.

YMS waa High-Tech ah PCB guddiga dhashay ganacsi adeeg dunida oo dhan. Iyada oo in ka badan 10 sano oo dadaal, YMS ayaa u hormaray ganacsi oo casriga High.

Iyada oo goobta xarun ka badan 10,000 mitir oo laba jibbaaran, waa ay awoodaan in ay soo saaraan in ka badan 300,000 oo mitir oo laba jibbaaran sanadkiiba, kuwaas oo alaabta PCB u dhaxayn 2 ilaa 20 layers, oo ay ku jiraan PCB 1Layer , 2Layer PCB, Mutilayer PCB iwm

Ku soo dhawow jeedo degdeg PCB Shiinaha.