A chigawo kiyi makampani zamagetsi amatchedwa kusindikizidwa dera bolodi (PCB). Izi ndi chigawo kwambiri zofunika kuti kumakhala kovuta kuti anthu ambiri kufotokoza zimene PCB ndi. Nkhaniyi itithandiza mwatsatanetsatane dongosolo la PCB ndi ena mwa mawu ambiri ntchito m'munda wa PCB.

Mu ndime zotsatirazi, tikambirana zikuchokera PCB, kuphatikizapo ena terminology, njira zachidule msonkhano, ndi chiyambi cha PCB ndondomeko kamangidwe.

Kodi ndi PCB?

Kusindikizidwa dera bolodi (PCB) ndi m'modzi mwa maina ambiri, ndipo nawonso amatchedwa "kusindikizidwa Kulumikizana matabwa" kapena "kusindikizidwa Kulumikizana makadi". Pamaso pa PCB anaonekera dera la linapangidwa mfundo ndi mfundo Kulumikizana. Kudalirika kwa njira imeneyi ndi otsika, chifukwa ngati mibadwo ya dera la breakage wa mzere zingachititse lotseguka kapena lalifupi dera la mfundo mzere.

Kumulowetsa luso ndi patsogolo zikuluzikulu luso dera kuti timapitiriza durability ndi replaceability mzere ndi kumulowetsa mawaya awiri ang'onoang'ono padziko posts pa olowa.

Monga ukusunthira zamagetsi makampani ku machubu zingalowe ndi yolandirana kuti semiconductors pakachitsulo ndi madera Integrated, kukula ndi mtengo wa zigawo zikuluzikulu zamakono amagwiritsidwa zimachepa. Pakompyuta katundu zikuonekera kwambiri ndipo kawirikawiri mu gawo ogula asanauzidwe opanga kuyang'ana yosafuna njira ang'onoang'ono ndi zambiri. Choncho, PCB anabadwa.

zikuchokera

The PCB amaoneka ngati keke Mipikisano magawo kapena lasagna - wosanjikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana mu kupanga, mbamuikha pamodzi ndi kutentha ndi zomatira.

FR4

The gawo lapansi la PCB ndi zambiri galasi CHIKWANGWANI. Nthawi zambiri, fiberglass gawo lapansi la PCB ali amatchedwa "FR4". Nkhani olimba "FR4" amapereka kuuma ndi makulidwe a PCB lapansi. Kuwonjezera pa FR4 gawo lapansi, pali dera matabwa kusintha opangidwa pa kusintha mkulu-kutentha mapulasitiki (polyimide kapena ngati) ndi zina zotero.

Mungapeze PCBs wa thicknesses osiyana; Komabe, makulidwe a mankhwala SparkFun ndi makamaka 1.6mm (0.063 "). Mankhwala ena amagwiritsa ntchito thicknesses ena, monga LilyPad ndi Arudino matabwa ovomereza yaying'ono ndi makulidwe a 0.8mm.

PCBs Cheap ndi mbale dzenje ndi opangidwa ndi zipangizo monga epoxy kapena phenol, amene alibe durability wa FR4, koma mtengo kwambiri. Pamene soldering zinthu pa matabwa zimenezi, mudzakhala fungo kwambiri wa fungo. Mtundu wa gawo lapansi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala ogula otsika-yotsiriza. zinthu Phenolic ndi otsika matenthedwe kuwonongeka kutentha, ndi yaitali kuwotcherera nthawi amachititsa kuwonongeka ndi carbonization, ndipo amapereka kutali ndi kukoma kwabasi.

Zotsatirazi ndi woonda kwambiri wosanjikiza mkuwa zojambulazo kuti mbamuikha mu gawo lapansi ndi kutentha ndi zomatira pa ulimi. Pa bolodi iwiri amaganiza, ndi zojambulazo mkuwa ndi anakakamizidwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo mbali ya gawo lapansi ndi. Ena ntchito chotchipa, mkuwa zojambulazo akhoza kukhala mbamuikha mbali imodzi ya gawo lapansi ndi. Pamene tikunena "kawiri-gululi" kapena "ziwiri wosanjikiza bolodi", ndiye kuti pali zigawo ziwiri za zojambulazo chamkuwa lasagna wathu. Inde, yosiyanasiyana PCB, chiwerengero cha zigawo mkuwa zojambulazo akhoza kukhala laling'ono monga mzere umodzi kapena zigawo zoposa 16.

The makulidwe a wosanjikiza mkuwa zimakhalanso lalikulu ndipo anayeza kulemera. Aliyense zowonetseredwa ndi kulemera yunifolomu ya phazi limodzi lalikulu la mkuwa (oz). PCBs ambiri mkuwa makulidwe a 1 oz, koma ena PCBs mkulu-mphamvu mwina ntchito oz 2 kapena 3 oz zamkuwa. Sinthani aunsi (oz) pa phazi lalikulu, kunena kuti nkhani 35um kapena 1.4mil mkuwa.

Soldermask

Pamwamba wosanjikiza mkuwa ndi solder chigoba. wosanjikiza izi zimawapangitsa PCB tione zobiriwira (kapena SparkFun ndi wofiira). The solder chigoba chimakwirira kuda pa wosanjikiza zamkuwa kupewa kuda pa PCB ndi kubwera mu kukhudzana ndi miyala ina, solder kapena zinthu zina conductive. Pamaso pa solder chigoba limakupatsani solder mu malo oyenera ndi kuteteza solder milatho.

Silkscreen

Pamwamba pa solder chigoba, pali woyera silika chophimba wosanjikiza. Letters, manambala, ndi zizindikiro amasindikizidwa pa silkscreen wa PCB kuti atsogolere msonkhano ndi kukutsogolerani kuti akumvetseni bwino kamangidwe ka gulu. Nthawi zambiri timagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro silkscreen kusonyeza ntchito ya zikhomo ena kapena LEDs.

Mtundu ambiri wa silika chophimba wosanjikiza ndi woyera. Mofananamo, silika chophimba wosanjikiza akhoza kukhala iliyonse mtundu. Black, imvi, ofiira ndi ngakhale chikasu silika zowonetsera si zachilendo. Komabe, n'kovuta kuona zosiyanasiyana silkscreen mtundu pa bolodi limodzi.

Ambiri, solder masks ndi wobiriwira, koma pafupifupi onse mitundu angagwiritsidwe ntchito solder masking.

terminology

Tsopano inu mukudziwa kapangidwe ka PCB, tiyeni tione pa terminology PCB zokhudzana.

Dzenje mphete - A mphete mkuwa pa dzenje metallized mu PCB lapansi.

DRC - Design ulamuliro macheke. A dongosolo kuti limafufuza ngati kapangidwe ali ndi zolakwika, monga kuda shorted, kuda kwambiri wochepa thupi, kapena timabowo ting'onoting'ono kwambiri.

Kubowola dzenje Hit - Ntchito kusonyeza kupatuka wa chofunika kuboola malo ndi leni kuboola malo kamangidwe. Pachithunzichi malo pobowola chifukwa cha Akamva yosamveka kubowola ndi vuto wamba mu PCB kupanga.

(Gold) Zala - A anabala zitsulo PAD kumbali ya bolodi amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza matabwa awiri. Monga m'mphepete mwa kuwonjezeka gawo la kompyuta a, ndodo kukumbukira ndi zaka khadi masewera.

Sitampu mabowo - Kuwonjezera V-Dulani, pali njira zina za gulu kamangidwe. Ndi kupanga olowa ofooka pakati ena mabowo mosalekeza, n'zosavuta kupatukana bolodi kwa imposition a.

Pad - A gawo la zitsulo angaonekere padziko PCB kuti ntchito solder chipangizo.

Jigsaw - A gulu lalikulu wapangidwa yaing'ono, matabwa ambiri ndithu. Makina dera bolodi zida kupanga zambiri ndi mavuto pamene wobala matabwa ang'ono, ndi kaphatikizidwe matabwa angapo ang'onoang'ono ingatithandize kupanga.

Osindikizira - A woonda zitsulo formwork (alipo komanso pulasitiki) kuti aikidwa pa PCB ndi kulola solder kudutsa m'madera ena pa msonkhano.

Sankhani ndi malo - A makina kapena ndondomeko amene amaika zigawo zikuluzikulu pa bolodi.

Ndege - A chidutswa mosalekeza zamkuwa pa bolodi. Aliyense chimafotokozera malire, osati mwa njira. Amatchedwanso "Mkuwa Mkuwa"

Metalized kudzera - A benga PCB kuti lili una mphete ndi yokutidwa dzenje khoma. The metallized kudzera kungakhale kugwirizana mfundo za pulagi-mu wosanjikiza cha chizindikiro, kapena dzenje kukhazikitsidwa.

The yokutidwa dzenje makoma kulola mawaya mbali zonse za PCB kuti pamodzi.

Reflow soldering - m'firiji pamtunda wa solder kuti mapadi (SMD) ndi zikhomo chipangizo ogwirizana pamodzi.

Silkscreen - makalata, manambala, zizindikiro, kapena zithunzi pa PCB a. Kwenikweni pali m'modzi yekha mtundu pa chilichonse bolodi ndi kusamvana ndi wotsika.

Slotting - amatanthauza dzenje aliyense pa PCB kuti si zozungulira. Slotting akhoza electroplated kapena ayi. Popeza slotting amafuna zina kudula nthawi, nthawi zina kumawonjezera mtengo wa gululo.

Solder Matani Gulu - A wosanjikiza solder phala kwa makulidwe ena anapanga pa ziyangoyango padziko phiri chipangizo kudzera osindikizira pamaso kuwayika zigawo zikuluzikulu pa PCB lapansi. Pa ndondomeko reflow, ndi solder phala chimasungunula ndi amakhazikitsa odalirika magetsi ndi makina kugwirizana pakati pa PAD ndi zikhomo chipangizo.

Soldering Yamoto - A ng'anjo oyika soldering. Nthawi zambiri, pali pang'ono solder osungunula mkati, ndipo gulu yatsala anadutsa, kotero kuti zikhomo poyera akhoza soldered.

Solder Chigoba - Pofuna kupewa madera lalifupi, dzimbiri, ndi mavuto ena, mkuwa ali ndi filimu zozitetezera. Mufilimuyi amateteza zambiri wobiriwira kapena mwina mitundu ina (SparkFun Red, Arduino Blue, kapena Apple Black). Amatchedwa "kukana soldering."

Lianxi - The awiri zikhomo zikugwirizana pa chipangizo molakwika chikugwirizana ndi dontho laling'ono la solder.

Pamwamba ogwiritsa - A njira ya msonkhano kumene chipangizo amangosowa adzaikidwa pa bolodi popanda kufunika njira zikhomo chipangizo kudzera vias pa bolodi.

Matenthedwe PAD - amatanthauza yochepa kufufuza mgwirizano PAD kuti ndege. Ngati PAD si bwino cholinga kutentha madyaidya ndikuledzera, n'zovuta kutenthetsa PAD kuti okwanira soldering kutentha pa soldering. Kusagwiritsa matenthedwe PAD kapangidwe adzapanga PAD ndi yomata ndi reflow soldering nthawi zimakhalanso yaitali.

Mme- - A njira zambiri mosalekeza zamkuwa pa bolodi.

V-mphambu - An odulidwa chosakwanira wa gulu kuti akuswa bolodi kupyola mu mzere uwu.

Via - A dzenje bolodi amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusinthana chizindikiro kwa wosanjikiza wina ndi mzake. Una pulagi amatanthauza pa-dzenje kuphimba solder chigoba kukuletsa kuti soldered. Cholumikizira kapena pini chipangizo kudzera, chifukwa plugging si chofunika chifukwa soldering chofunika.

Wave soldering - njira zipangizo soldering pulagi-mu. Komitiyi wadutsa pa liwiro zonse kudzera chopangidwa ndi chitsulo solder ng'anjo yomwe amapangira pachimake khola, ndi solder nsonga solder zikhomo chipangizo ndi mapadi poyera limodzi.

YMS ndi zina zamakono PCB anabala gulu utumiki ogwira ntchito padziko lonse. Kudzera m'mphamvu zaka zoposa 10, YMS zachitika mu High chatekinoloje ogwira ntchito.

Ndi dera malo mamita lalikulu oposa 10,000, ndi kubala oposa 300,000 mamita lalikulu pa chaka, amene PCB mankhwala osiyanasiyana monga zigawo 2 20, kuphatikizapo 1Layer PCB , 2Layer PCB, Mutilayer PCB etc.

Mwalandiridwa kukhota mofulumira pcb China.