A kī ke keʻena i loko o ka uila no ka hana ua kapaia i paiia huakai kaapuni a ka papa (PCB). Kēia mea he nui kumu o ke keʻena e hana ia paʻakikī no na mea he nui kanaka e wehewehe i ka PCB mea. E wehewehe i kēia 'atikala i ka au mamuli o ka' ole o ka PCB a mau hoʻohana 'ia kekahi o nā hua'ōlelo i loko o ke kula o ka PCB.

Ma ka ia mau 'aoʻao, e kūkākūkā mākou i ka haku mele' ana o ka PCB, a me kekahi terminology, he manawa pōkoleʻaha kanaka ano, a me ka hoike ana i ka PCB manao kaʻina.

He aha ka PCB?

I paiia huakai kaapuni a ka papa (PCB) o kekahi o ka loa e like me ka inoa, a ua hiki ke kapaia hoi "i paiia pilina papa" a "i paiia pilina pepa". Ma mua o ka PCB ikeia'ku, i i ka puni i ka wahi-i-wahi pilina. I ka pono o keia iaoiaeii ka loa haʻahaʻa, no ka mea, e like me ka huakai kaapuni makahiki, ka haki ana o ka laina hiki i ka hamama a pōkole kaapuni ana o ka laina wahi.

O Kahualoa Kokohi enehana mea he nui holomua ma ka huakai kaapuni a ka 'enehana e hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i ka mea paʻa a me ka replaceability o ka laina ma ka o Kahualoa Kokohi uuku anawaena kaula a puni na kia ma ke ami.

E like me na uila no ka hana mai ka holo paipu a me kuapo kanaka e silikone semiconductors a me noniakahi wahi i puhi ai, ka nui a me ka uku o ka lolouila eiiiiiaiou i kekahi emi. Electronic huahana e hiki ana aku a me ka oi pinepine i loko o ka consumer kaiaulu, prompting Manufacturers e nana no ka uuku a me ka oi kāki-ka hoʻokō pāʻoihana. No laila, i ka PCB i hanau.

haku mele 'ana

Ke PCB nana e like me ka nunui-pona kaka a lasagna - he ahu iho la ka okoa mea i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie, kaomi pu ma ka wela a me ka lina.

FR4

Ke kūpapakū o ka PCB mea ano laulā, aniani puluniu. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, ka o Minvielle i kūpapakū o ka PCB ua nui haawiia i like "FR4". Ke paa mea "FR4" i hāʻawi mai i ka paakiki a me ka mānoanoa o ka PCB. Ma waho aʻeo i ka FR4 kūpapakū, eia'ōlewa kaapuni papa hua mai la i'ōlewa kiʻekiʻe-wela Ka lula ea Ke (polyimide 'ole ka mea e like) a me ka mea e like.

Oe i loaʻa PCBs o kekahi mau thicknesses; , Ka mānoanoa o SparkFun mau huahana nae o ka hapanui 1.6mm (0.063 "). Kekahi mau huahana i hoʻohana 'ē aʻe thicknesses, e like me LilyPad a me Arudino Pro anakahi iki papa me ka mānoanoa o ka 0.8mm.

Nike PCBs a me ka puka papa i i o nā mea wela e like pīlali a phenol, a nele i ka mea paʻa o FR4, akā, ua nui ho'ēmi. mea I ka soldering ma ia mau papa, oe e honi i ka hailona o ke ala. Kēiaʻano o ka kūpapakū ua pinepine hoʻohana 'ia i loko o loa haʻahaʻa-hope consumer huahana. Phenolic waiwai i ka haʻahaʻa thermal decomposition ana wela, a me ka lōʻihi kuʻihao manawa a nā decomposition a me ka carbonization, a haawi aku i kaʻawaʻawa loaʻaiʻana.

Ke eia ka he loa wiwi keleawe pepa kini, ahu iho i ka ikaika loa o Paulo i loko o ka kūpapakū ma ka wela a me ka lina i? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ma ka waʻa-kapakahi papa, i ke keleawe pepa kini ua ikaika loa o Paulo ma ka mua a me ka hopeʻaoʻao o ka kūpapakū. Ma kekahi haʻahaʻa-kāki noi, keleawe pepa kini i wale e kaomi ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka kūpapakū. A hiki mākou i kapa ia "lua-panel" a "mau-, ahu iho papa", 'o ia hoʻi ka mea, ua loaʻa nō nā papa o ke keleawe pepa kini ma luna o mākou lasagna. O ke ala, ma kekahi PCB manao, i ka helu o ke keleawe pepa kini papa paha e like uuku me kekahi, ahu iho a oi aku mamua o 16 papa.

Ka mānoanoa o ka keleawe, ahu iho, kŘpa a nui, a ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o ke kaumaha. Ua Ua nui hoikeia ma kaʻaʻahu ke kaupaonaʻana o kekahi huinahalike wawae o ke keleawe (oz). Ka hapanui o PCBs i ka ke keleawe mānoanoa o 1 oz, akā, kekahi kiʻekiʻe-mana PCBs i hoʻohana 2 oz a me 3 oz o ke keleawe. Hoohuli ounces (oz) noʻahā like wawae, i mea e pili ana i 35um paha 1.4mil ke keleawe.

Soldermask

Ma luna o ke keleawe, ahu iho o ka solder ea paha. Kēia ahu iho la i ka PCB nana uliuli a pau (a SparkFun kaʻulaʻula). Ke solder Approach uhi na ko läkou 'ma ke keleawe, ahu iho e pale aku ko läkou' ma ka PCB mai e hele mai ana i loko o hui 'ana me nā mea hiki ke hooheheeia, solder' ole 'ē aʻe lawelawe mea. Ke alo aku o ka solder ea paha e leie aku oe e solder ma ka akau wahi, a pale solder na alahaka.

Silkscreen

Ma luna o ka solder ea paha, aia no he keʻokeʻo silika pale, ahu iho. Palapala, helu, a me nā hōʻailona i pai ia ma luna o ka silkscreen o ka PCB, e kōkua ai i nāʻaha kanaka, a kōkua iā 'oe, e ike pono i ka manao o ka papa. Mākou pinepine hoʻohana i ka silkscreen hōʻailona, ​​e hōʻike i ka hana ana o kekahi mau mākia a LEDs.

Ka loa e like me ka ano o ka silika pale, ahu iho i keʻokeʻo. Like me, ka silika paku, ahu iho hiki ke hana i aneane kekahi waihoʻoluʻu. Black, oho, ulaula, a me yellow silika pale i ole uncommon. Naʻe, ka mea mea pohihihi, e ike i keʻano o ka silkscreen ano ma luna o ka hoʻokahi papa.

I mau, solder ea paha i uliuli a pau, akā, Aneane i nā kala a hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no solder masking.

Terminology

Ano, ia oe i ka 'ole o ka PCB, e ka lawe i ka nana aku i ka PCB-pili terminology.

Hole apo - A keleawe ke komo lima ma luna o ka metallized puka i loko o ka PCB.

DRC - Design rula makau 'ia Kaha. A polokalamu e loaʻa, e kaha ina ka manao ÷ hewa, e like me ko läkou 'emi ana malalo iho, he lahilahi ko läkou', a ua uuku lua.

? Eou Hit Hole - Used e hōʻike i ka haiahū kūmau o ka koiʻeli kulana a me ka maoliʻeli kulana ma ka manao. Pololei oleʻeli-oaio? A, kena ae la ia e kūmūmūʻepekema'āpana mea i na pilikia ma ka PCB manufacturing.

(Gold) manamana lima - A hanau metala pale ma kaʻaoʻao o ka papa i ua nō kāu hoʻohana 'e hoʻohui i nā papa. E like me ke kae o ke kamepiula ka? Anoe? Module, i ka hoomanao ana au mika a me ka mea kahiko hihiu kāleka.

A hehi ihola lua - Ma waho aʻeo ia V-Mai hooki aku, he mea i kekahi koho iaoia o ka papa i manao ai. Ma ka ho okumu i ka nawaliwali ke ami hoi ma waena o kekahi ana lua, ia mea oluolu, e hookaawale i ka papa, mai ke kau.

Pale - He hapa o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeiaʻana ma luna o ka ili o ka PCB i ua hoʻohana 'ia e solder i ka noonoo o kanaka.

Jigsaw - A nui ka papa i mai o na mea he nui liʻiliʻi, sizable papa. Hana nona iho huakai kaapuni a ka papa? Iecaianoaaiiuo lako a pinepine, ua pilikia ka wā ka hana liʻiliʻi papa, a me ka hoʻohuiʻia kekahi mau mea uuku papa hiki oia i? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

Stencil - A lahilahi metala formwork (i loaʻa like ea) i ua kau ma luna o ka PCB e ae solder, e hele ana oukou ma kekahi mau mea iloko o ua ahakanaka la.

E koho-a-wahi - A mīkini a kaʻina hana i wahi eiiiiiaiou ma luna o ka papa.

Pelane - A ana'āpana o ke keleawe ma luna o ka papa. Ua Ua nui hoakaka ma ka palena,ʻaʻole ma ka alanui. I ike ia "melemele melemele,"

Metalized Via - A puka i loko o ka PCB e paka me ka lua apo, a me ka mau pale puka pa. Ke metallized Via e ia i ka pilina wahi o ka polokalamu mākaʻikaʻi-ma, ka, ahu iho o ka hōʻailona, ​​a me ka ai kaʻa hoʻi puka.

Ka waihoʻoluʻu paʻa puka paia ae na kaula ma nāʻaoʻaoʻelua o ka PCB e e hui pu.

Reflow soldering - Thaw i ka solder no laila, i nā nā pale poʻohiwi (SMD) a me ka noonoo mākia i pili pu.

Silkscreen - palapala, helu, hōʻailona, ​​a me nā mea kiʻi ma luna o kekahi PCB. Holo nōhie ka mea, hoʻokahi wale nō ano ma luna o kēlā me kēia papa, a me ka olelo hooholo, kŘpa a haʻahaʻa.

Slotting - pili i kekahi puka ma ka PCB i mea ole hoʻopoepoe. Slotting hiki e electroplated paha ole. Mai slotting pono i nā ana manawa, ia i kekahi manawa maoli o ka lilo ana o ka papa.

Solder kāpili, ahu iho - A, ahu iho o ka solder kāpili ma luna o ka kekahi mānoanoa i hanaʻia ma luna o nā nā pale poʻohiwi o ka ili o ka mauna o ka manaʻo ma ka stencil mua hoʻokau i ka eiiiiiaiou ma ka PCB. Iloko o ka reflow kaʻina hana, ka solder kāpili ma luna heheʻe a hoʻokau i ka ike loea uila, a me mechanical pilina ma waena o ka pale, a me ka noonoo o kanaka makia.

Soldering e'a'ā ana - A kapuahi no soldering inserts. Nui, aia no he uuku ka nui o ke kiʻi i hoʻoheʻeheʻe solder loko, a ua koke hele ma ka papa, no laila, i ka i hooleiiaʻi mawaho makia a hiki ke soldered.

Solder Approach - To ole pōkole i puhi ai, ka popopo, a me nā pilikia, ua uhiia i ke keleawe me he aiiay Auana. Ke aiiay Auana Ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO uliuli a mea paha e nā waihoʻoluʻu (SparkFun Red, Arduino Blue, a Apple Black). Nui haawiia i like "ia'ku soldering."

Lianxi - The mau i pili makia a ma luna o ka mea e incorrectly i pili ma ka uuku kulu o ka solder.

ʻIlikai ka piʻiʻana - A ano o kaʻaha kanaka a pau ma ka mea wale pono e e waihoia ma ka papa me ka pono i ke ala o ka mea makia a ma na Via ma ka papa.

Thermal pale - pili i ka pōkole kumumea o ka pilina pale a hiki i ka pelane. Inā ka pale uaʻaʻole pono papahana no ka wela dissipation, ia mea paakiki e hoʻa'ā i ka pale a hiki i ka lawa soldering mahana i soldering. Kūpono thermal pale i manao ai, e hana i ka pale hou Padfolio a me ka reflow soldering manawa, kŘpa a lōʻihi.

Kumumea - A nui ana ala o ke keleawe ma luna o ka papa.

V-heluʻai - An kāpili oki ana o ka papa e uhai aku i ka papa ma keia laina.

Via - A puka i loko o ka papa i ua nō kāu hoʻohana 'e OIeEOEIeAeEIIe lepa mai kekahi, ahu iho i kekahi. Ka polokalamu mākaʻikaʻi puka pili i ka ma-hole e uhi ana i ka solder ea paha, e pale ia mai ka soldered. Hūlili a noonoo kui Via, no ka mea, ua i koi plugging no ka mea, ua koi soldering.

Wave soldering - he ano o soldering polokalamu-i na manao ona. Ka papa ua hala ma ka ikaika mämä holo ma ka hoʻoheheʻeʻia solder e punohu ana i produces he hale hānai piko, a me ka solder kuahiwi solder ka manaʻo makia, a waiho wale nā ​​pale poʻohiwi pu.

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Me kekahi kaʻa āpana o ka oi ma mua o 10,000ʻahā like mika, ia mea hiki ke paka ma luna o 300,000 kaʻahā like mika no ka makahiki, nona ka PCB huahana ka ÷ 2 a hiki i 20 mau papa, a me 1Layer PCB , 2Layer PCB, Mutilayer PCB etc.

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