A key bangaren lantarki a masana'antu da aka kira buga kewaye hukumar (PCB). Wannan shi ne ma ainihin bangaren da ta sa shi wuya ga mutane da yawa don bayyana abin da PCB ne. Wannan talifin zai bayyana a daki-daki, tsarin da PCB da kuma wasu daga cikin sharuddan amfani a fagen PCB.

A na gaba 'yan shafukan, za mu tattauna da abun da ke ciki na PCB, ciki har da wasu terminology, a takaice dai taro hanya, da kuma wani gabatarwar zuwa PCB zane tsari.

Abin da ke a PCB?

Buga kewaye hukumar (PCB) yana daya daga cikin mafi kowa sunaye, kuma za a iya kira "buga wayoyi allon" ko "buga wayoyi katunan". Kafin PCB bayyana, da kewaye da aka yi sama da aya-wa-aya wayoyi. A AMINCI wannan hanya ne ragu, saboda matsayin kewaye shekaru daban-daban, da breakage na line iya sa wani bude ko takaice kewaye da layin kumburi.

Tuddan fasahar ne mai babbar ci gaba a kewaye da fasaha da kara habaka da karko da kuma replaceability na layin da Tuddan kananan diamita wayoyi a kusa da posts a cikin hadin gwiwa.

Kamar yadda lantarki a masana'antu motsa daga injin shambura da zango zuwa silicon semiconductors kuma Hadakar haihuwarka, da size da kuma farashin lantarki aka gyara an ma ragewa. Lantarki kayayyakin an bayyana more kuma mafi akai-akai a cikin mabukaci kansu, lamarin da ya masana'antun nemi karami kuma mafi kudin-tasiri mafita. Saboda haka, da PCB aka haife.

Abun da ke ciki

A PCB kama wani Multi-mai lebur cake ko lasagna - a Layer na daban-daban kayan a samar, guga man tare da zafi da kuma m.

FR4

A substrate na PCB ne kullum gilashi fiber. A mafi yawan lokuta, da fiberglass substrate na wani PCB ne kullum ake magana a kai a matsayin "FR4". A m abu "FR4" yana ba da taurin da kuma kauri daga cikin PCB. Bugu da kari ga FR4 substrate, akwai m allon kayan wutan samar a kan m high-zazzabi robobi (polyimide ko da kamar) da kuma kamar.

Za ka iya samun PCBs na daban-daban thicknesses. Duk da haka, da kauri da SparkFun ta kayayyakin ne mafi yawa 1.6mm (0.063 "). Wasu kayayyakin ma amfani da sauran thicknesses, kamar LilyPad da Arudino Pro Micro katakai da wani kauri daga 0.8mm.

Cheap PCBs kuma rami faranti ake yi na kayan kamar epoxy ko phenol, wanda rasa karko na FR4, amma suna da yawa mai rahusa. Lokacin da soldering abubuwa a kan wannan allon, za ka sansana mai yawa wari. Wannan irin substrate ne sau da yawa amfani da sosai low-karshen mabukaci kayayyakin. Phenolic abubuwa da low thermal bazuwar zazzabi, da kuma dogon waldi lokaci Yanã bazuwar da kuma carbonization, kuma ba kashe wani m iyawa.

A wadannan ne mai matukar bakin ciki da jan tsare Layer cewa an matse cikin substrate da zafi da kuma m, a lokacin da samar. A cikin biyu mai gefe jirgin, da tagulla tsare ne guga man zuwa gaban da kuma mayar da bangarorin na substrate. A wasu low-cost aikace-aikace, jan tsare iya kawai a guga man a gefe daya daga cikin substrate. Lokacin da muka koma zuwa "biyu-panel" ko "biyu-Layer jirgin", wannan yana nufin cewa akwai biyu yadudduka na jan karfe tsare a kan mu lasagna. Hakika, a daban-daban PCB kayayyaki, da yawan jan tsare yadudduka iya zama a matsayin karamin kamar yadda daya Layer ko fiye da 16 yadudduka.

A kauri daga cikin jan Layer ne in mun gwada manyan da aka auna a cikin nauyi. An kullum bayyana ta da uniform nauyi na daya square kafar na jan karfe (ozoji). Mai PCBs da jan kauri daga 1 ozoji, amma wasu high-ikon PCBs iya amfani da 2 ozoji ko 3 ozoji na tagulla. Maida ozoji (ozoji) da square kafar, wanda shi ne game da 35um ko 1.4mil tagulla.

Soldermask

Sama da jan Layer ne mai solder mask. Wannan Layer da ke sa da PCB look kore (ko SparkFun ta ja). A solder mask maida hankali ne akan burbushi a kan jan Layer su hana burbushi a kan PCB daga cuɗanya da sauran karafa, solder ko wasu conductive abubuwa. A gaban wani solder mask ba ka damar solder a daidai wurin da kuma hana solder gadoji.

Silkscreen

Sama da solder mask, akwai wani farin siliki allo Layer. Haruffa, lambobi, da kuma alamomin aka buga a kan silkscreen na PCB sauƙaƙe taro kuma Ya shiryar da ku ga mafi alhẽri fahimta da zane na jirgin. Mu sau da yawa amfani da silkscreen alama don nuna aiki na wasu fil ko LEDs.

Mafi na kowa launi na siliki allo Layer ne fari. Hakazalika, siliki allo Layer za a iya yi a cikin kusan kowace launi. Black, da launin toka, ja da rawaya ko da siliki fuska ne ba nadiri. Duk da haka, shi ne m zuwa ga wani iri-iri silkscreen launi a kan wani guda jirgin.

A general, solder masks ne kore, amma kusan dukkan launuka za a iya amfani da solder masking.

terminology

Yanzu da ka san da tsarin da PCB, bari mu dauki wani look at cikin PCB da alaka da terminology.

Hole zobe - A jan zobe a kan wani metallized rami a PCB.

DRC - Design mulki dubawa. A shirin cewa jami'in dake duba yawan idan zane ƙunshi kurakurai, kamar shorted burbushi, kuma bakin ciki burbushi, ko ma kananan ramuka.

Rawar soja Hole Hit - Used nuna sabawa na bukata hakowa matsayi da kuma ainihin hakowa matsayi a cikin zane. Ba daidai ba hakowa cibiyoyin lalacewa ta hanyar m rawar soja ragowa ne na kowa matsala a PCB masana'antu.

(Gold) Yatsa - A danda karfe kushin a gefe na kwamitin da aka yawanci amfani to connect katakai biyu. Kamar gefen kwamfuta ta fadada module, da memory stick da haihuwa wasan katin.

Hatimi Ramukan - Bugu da kari ga V-Cut, akwai wani madadin Hanyar jirgin zane. By kafa wani rauni hadin gwiwa tsakanin wasu m ramukan, shi ne mai sauki ka raba da jirgin daga danniyan.

Kushin - A rabo daga karfe fallasa a farfajiya na PCB, ana amfani da solder da na'urar.

Jigsaw - A manyan jirgin ya tashi daga dama kananan, sizable allon. Sarrafa kansa kewaye hukumar samar da kayan aiki sau da yawa yana da matsaloli a lokacin da samar da kananan katakai, da kuma hada da dama kananan katakai iya bugun up samar.

Stencil - A bakin ciki karfe formwork (ma samuwa kamar yadda roba) wanda aka sanya a kan PCB don ba da damar solder su ratsa wasu wuraren a lokacin taron.

Pick-da-wuri - A na'ura ko aiwatar da cewa sanya aka gyara a kan wani jirgin.

Jirgin Sama - A ci gaba da yanki na jan karfe a kan jirgin. An kullum tsare ta iyaka, ba ta hanyoyi. Kuma aka sani da "Copper Copper"

Metalized via - A rami a PCB cewa yana dauke da rami zobe da Plated rami bango. A metallized via iya zama dangane batu na wani toshe-in, da Layer na sigina, ko wani hawa rami.

A plated rami ganuwar da damar da wayoyi a garesu na PCB da za a shiga tare.

Reflow soldering - narke cikin solder haka cewa gammaye (SMD) da kuma na'urar dari suna da alaka da juna.

Silkscreen - haruffa, lambobi, alamomin, ko graphics a kan wani PCB. M akwai daya kawai launi a kan kowane katako da ƙuduri ne in mun gwada low.

Slotting - tana nufin duk wani rami a kan PCB cewa ba madauwari. Slotting za a iya electroplated ko ba. Tun slotting bukatar ƙarin sabon lokaci, shi wani lokacin qara kudin na hukumar.

Solder Manna Layer - A Layer na solder manna na wani kauri kafa a kan gammaye na surface Dutsen na'urar ta stencil kafin ajiye da gyara a kan PCB. A lokacin reflow tsari, da solder manna ya narke, kuma ya tsayar da dogara da wani lantarki da inji alaka tsakanin kushin da na'urar fil.

Soldering wutar makera - A makera for soldering abun da ake sakawa. Kullum, akwai wani karamin adadin zubi solder ciki, da kuma jirgin da aka sauri, sun shige ta, saboda haka abin da fallasa dari za a iya soldered.

Solder Mask - Don hana short haihuwarka, lalata, da sauran matsaloli, da tagulla aka rufe da wani m film. The m film ne yawanci kore ko kuma zai iya zama wasu launuka (SparkFun Red, Arduino Blue, ko Apple Black). Kullum ake magana a kai a matsayin "juriya soldering."

Lianxi - The biyu alaka fil a kan na'urar da ake kuskure da alaka da wani kananan drop of solder.

Surface hawa - A Hanyar taro inda na'urar kawai yana bukatar da za a sanya a kan jirgin tare da bukatar hanya da na'urar fil ta cikin vias a kan jirgin.

Thermal kushin - tana nufin wani gajeren alama da connection kushin da jirgin saman. Idan kushin ba yadda ya kamata tsara don zafi masha'a, shi ne wuya don zafi da kushin zuwa isasshen soldering zafin jiki a lokacin soldering. M thermal kushin zane zai sa kushin mafi m da kuma reflow soldering lokaci ne in mun gwada tsawo.

Gano - A kullum m hanyar jan a kan wani jirgin.

V-ci - An bai cika yanke na hukumar cewa karya da hukumar ta hanyar wannan layi.

Via - A rami a cikin jirgin cewa an yawanci amfani don canjawa sakonni daga daya Layer zuwa wani. A toshe rami yana nufin a kan-rami rufe da solder mask su hana shi daga ake soldered. Haši ko na'urar fil via, saboda plugging ba bukata saboda soldering ake bukata.

Kalaman soldering - mai Hanyar soldering toshe-a na'urorin. Kwamitin yana shige a wani m gudun ta zubi solder makera cewa samar da wani barga ganiya, da solder kololuwa solder da na'urar fil da kuma fallasa gammaye tare.

YMS ne a High-Tech PCB danda hukumar sabis sha'anin duniya. Ta hanyar fiye da shekaru 10 'kokarin, YMS ya ci gaba a cikin wani High tech sha'anin.

Tare da wani makaman yanki na fiye da 10,000 murabba'in mita, shi ne iya samar da fiye da 300,000 murabba'in mita a kowace shekara, wanda PCB kayayyakin Range daga 2 zuwa 20 yadudduka, ciki har da 1Layer PCB , 2Layer PCB, Mutilayer PCB da dai sauransu

Barka da zuwa sauri nuna PCB kasar Sin.